Comportamentos de risco na adolescência: revisão sistemática de estudos empíricos / Risk taking behavior in adolescence: systematic review of empirical studies / Comportamientos de riesgo en la adolescencia: revisión sistemática de estudios empíricos

A adoção de riscos é um comportamento complexo e multifatorial, relacionado ao processo de desenvolvimento do adolescente. Com o objetivo de analisar o conhecimento sobre comportamentos de risco na adolescência, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de estudos nacionais e internacionais. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs, Psycinfo e Science Direct (Elsevier), utilizando as palavras-chave "comportamento de risco" (risk taking) e "adolescência" (adolescence). O uso de drogas, álcool e cigarro, comportamentos sexuais de risco e conduta antissocial foram os temas mais investigados nos estudos. Foi possível identificar a epidemiologia dos comportamentos de risco e os fatores de risco e proteção nas dimensões pessoais, interpessoais e contextuais. Futuros estudos devem considerar diversos comportamentos de risco simultaneamente, assim como fatores pessoais, interpessoais e contextuais envolvidos

Risk taking is a complex and multifactorial behavior that is related to the adolescent’s development process. In order to analyze the knowledge about risk behaviors in adolescence, a systematic review of national and international studies was performed. The search was conducted using the Scielo, Lilacs, Psycinfo and Science Direct (Elsevier) databases focusing on the keywords "risk taking behavior" (comportamento de risco) and "adolescence" (adolescência). The use of drugs, alcohol and cigarette, risky sexual practices and antisocial behavior were the most investigated subjects. It was possible to identify the epidemiology of risk taking behaviors, risk and protective factors in personal, interpersonal and contextual dimensions. Further studies should approach variable risk taking behaviors simultaneously, as well as inherent personal, interpersonal and contextual factors.

La exposición a riesgos es una conducta compleja y multifactorial relacionada con el proceso de desarrollo de los adolescentes. Con el objetivo de analizar el conocimiento acerca de los comportamientos de riesgo en la adolescencia, se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios nacionales e internacionales. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Scielo, Lilacs, Psycinfo y Science Direct (Elsevier), utilizando las palabras clave "risky taking" (comportamento de risco) and "adolescence" (adolescencia). El uso de las drogas, el alcohol y el tabaco, las conductas sexuales de riesgo y el comportamiento antisocial fueron los temas más investigados en los estudios. Fue posible identificar la epidemiología de los comportamientos de riesgo y factores de riesgo y de protección en las dimensiones personales, interpersonales y contextuales. Los estudios futuros deben considerar varios comportamientos de riesgo al mismo tiempo, así como los factores personales, interpersonales y contextuales implicados

Substance abuse behaviors among university freshmen in Iran: a latent class analysis / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: Substance abuse behaviors among university freshmen in Iran are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify, for the first time, subgroups of university freshmen in Iran on the basis of substance abuse behaviors. Moreover, it examined the effects of socio-demographic characteristics on membership in each specific subgroup. METHODS: Data for the study were collected cross-sectionally in December 2013 and January 2014 from 4 major cities in Iran: Tabriz, Qazvin, Karaj, and Khoramabad. A total of 5,252 first-semester freshmen were randomly selected using a proportional cluster sampling methodology. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify subgroups of students on the basis of substance abuse behaviors and to examine the effects of students' socio-demographic characteristics on membership in each specific subgroup. RESULTS: The LCA procedure identified 3 latent classes: the healthy group; the hookah experimenter group; and the unhealthy group. Approximately 82.8, 16.1, and 2.1% of students were classified into the healthy, hookah experimenter, and unhealthy groups, respectively. Older age, being male, and having a family member or a close friend who smoked increased the risk of membership in classes 2 and 3, compared to class 1. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 2.1% of freshmen exhibited unhealthy substance abuse behaviors. In addition, we found that older age, being male, and having a close friend or family member who smoked may serve as risk factors for substance abuse behaviors.

Substance abuse behaviors among university freshmen in Iran: a latent class analysis / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: Substance abuse behaviors among university freshmen in Iran are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify, for the first time, subgroups of university freshmen in Iran on the basis of substance abuse behaviors. Moreover, it examined the effects of socio-demographic characteristics on membership in each specific subgroup.METHODS: Data for the study were collected cross-sectionally in December 2013 and January 2014 from 4 major cities in Iran: Tabriz, Qazvin, Karaj, and Khoramabad. A total of 5,252 first-semester freshmen were randomly selected using a proportional cluster sampling methodology. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify subgroups of students on the basis of substance abuse behaviors and to examine the effects of students' socio-demographic characteristics on membership in each specific subgroup.RESULTS: The LCA procedure identified 3 latent classes: the healthy group; the hookah experimenter group; and the unhealthy group. Approximately 82.8, 16.1, and 2.1% of students were classified into the healthy, hookah experimenter, and unhealthy groups, respectively. Older age, being male, and having a family member or a close friend who smoked increased the risk of membership in classes 2 and 3, compared to class 1.CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 2.1% of freshmen exhibited unhealthy substance abuse behaviors. In addition, we found that older age, being male, and having a close friend or family member who smoked may serve as risk factors for substance abuse behaviors.

Health and risk taking behaviors of freshmen in college / 소아과

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to survey the preliminary data on risk behaviors and to identify the factors that prevent risk-behaviors in late adolescence. METHODS: Freshmen(n=1,297) beginning the first semester in Korea University, Seoul, Korea completed self-administered risk behavior questionnaires, comprising 5 domains : demographics, smoking, drinking, drug abuse and sexual behavior. RESULTS: The rate of smoking experience was higher in people having friends who smoke and the predictors of transition to current smoking were male gender, urban residence, friends' smoking, and nicotine dependence. The rate of high risk drinking was higher among students who are male and who had experience of heavy episodic drinking. The study group showed a low prevalence of narcotic users, but two-thirds of students could get medicine easily without prescriptions. The prevalence of sexual experience was 6.5 percent, and the sexual education was not a predictor of contraceptive behavior. The prevalence of homosexuality was 1.6 percent, and the rate of mostly heterosexuality was higher in female students. CONCLUSION: The main targets of youth health education should be campaigns aimed at atcessation of reinforcing risk behaviors and the development of a surveillance system for the prevention of chronic disease. These results can be used to find risk factors of health-risk behaviors among late adolescents.

Predisposing Factors of Risk Taking Behaviors in Korean Adolescents

PURPOSE: Risk-taking behaviors are defined as patterns of behavior initiated during adolescence which are responsible for the majority of negative health outcomes occurring during the rest of the life. The study was to explore the relationship between the risk-taking behaviors and their predisposing factors among adolescents. METHODS: The study used a survey design with an anonymous self-report questionnaire administered to 1,076 students from first year of middle school to first year of high school in Ansan City. The questions were constructed from nine risk-taking behaviors of independent variables including smoking, alcohol, drug abuse, adaptation at school, use of computer, sexual behavior, vehicle use, suicide, school violence and eight predisposing factors of school grade, gender, academic ranking, academic achievement of the mother, socioeconomic status, living with both parents, religion of the student and the mother. The data was analysed by the statistical methods of X(2) test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The study revealed that the combination of the independent variables of the risk-taking behaviors to have a close association(P<0.05) with the predisposing factors. CONCLUSION: School grades, socioeconomic status, academic rankings, final educational level of the mother and living with both parents were factors strongly correlating with risky behaviors. The role of the clinician to identify those at risk is fundamental for health maintenance long after adolescence.